Critical thinking L4 Someone's interest

Conflict of interest

When the party producing the evidence is paid by the party the evidence favours, the result needs different handling — not automatic dismissal, but different handling.

You need first

Interest and incentive L1
Credibility of a source L1

This unlocks

When experts disagree L4
Astroturfing L5
Manufactured doubt L5

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This concept is mapped but not yet sourced. Shown honestly rather than padded with a plausible-looking reading list.